This paper examines the risks and opportunities associated with technologies and technological developments relevant to South Africa’s efforts to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change over the next decade (up to 2035). These technologies will make the energy sector cleaner while reducing the carbon intensity of energy demand and the energy intensity of gross domestic product. The paper focuses on 17 technologies and technological developments across four sectors: (1) energy; (2) industry; (3) mobility; and (4) agriculture and land use. The opportunities associated with these technologies far outweigh the risks, with some technologies significantly reducing the transition costs of carbon-intensive industries. In South Africa, removing regulatory hurdles and supporting faster development and adoption of new technologies can accelerate the climate transition, reduce costs and attract more investment.